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Topography and the local environment:

Laboratory is located on the eastern slopes of mt.Olympus, in the heart of broad-leaved evergreens [Quercetalia ilicis] at an altitude of 400m. The area is dominated by shrubs and low-rising trees such as the holm oak [Quercus ilex], Greek strawberry tree [Arbutus adrachnae], kermes oak [Quercus coccifera], strawberry tree [Arbutus unedo], prickly Juniper [Juniperus oxycedrus], etc. Characteristic deciduous species at this altitude include manna ash [Fraxinus ornus], Montpellier maple [Acer monspessulanum], Judas-tree [Cercis siliquastrum], European smoke tree [Cotinus coggygria] and others.

Climate can be described as one of Mediterranean type with continental influence, hot and dry in the summer, while humid and cold in the winter. Its local variations are the result of the impact of the sea and the rugged relief of the region. Based on the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, this area typically falls under [Csa] category.

Map.1 ΓΥΣ [HMGS/ArcGIS] 1:18.000
Map.2 ΓΥΣ [HMGS/ArcGIS] 1:9.000
Map.3 ΓΥΣ [HMGS/ArcGIS] 1:4.500
Map.4 Советская Армия [SA/1971-1991] 1:50.000
Map.5 Советская Армия [SA/1971-1991] 1:50.000

Laboratory’s instrument shelter holds meteorological equipment that can be measure the atmosphere’s Temperature [Current/Max/Min-°C], Barometric Pressure [hPa], Relative Humidity [%], Precipitation [Rain/Snow-mm], Clouds [High/Mid/Low Level Identification/Photos], Aerosol Optical Thickness [AOT], Surface/Soil Temperature [5/10cm °C] and Surface Conditions.

Instrument shelter specifications:

Station Index ID	193799
GLOBE Site	Research Area: LIT-193799S3
Latitude	40.096737°
Longitude	22.497476°
Grid Square Locator	KN10fc
Elevation	400m
Field code	MUC 93
Established	09.04.2020
Status	Operational
Type	Conventional
Observations	Data [Online]

Air Temperature statistics [°C]:

Recording daily measurements of temperature at LSN, is vital for understanding local climate patterns and contributing to broader climate science. These temperature data points provide insights into daily thermal variations, heat distribution, and energy balance within a given area. They are essential for detecting trends related to climate change, such as shifts in seasonal patterns and the frequency of extreme weather events. In addition, accurate local temperature measurements support agricultural planning, public health initiatives, and the management of natural resources.

Monthly Air Temp
Month/Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High	Record Low
04/2020	17.9	20.5	6.3	25.1	1.5
05/2020	22.5	24.6	11.9	33.8	8.0
06/2020	23.2	28.0	14.4	33.4	8.6
07/2020	22.5	30.8	17.9	36.0	14.6
08/2020	28.5	30.7	18.5	37.1	15.5
09/2020	26.5	27.8	15.9	35.6	12.3
10/2020	20.9	22.2	11.3	27.1	7.2
11/2020	13.1	14.9	6.2	19.6	0.7
12/2020	9.9	11.0	5.3	15.4	1.6
01/2021	8.2	10.5	1.7	17.3	-8.3
02/2021	10.0	12.4	2.4	19.5	-8.2
03/2021	10.7	12.5	2.7	18.1	-1.5
04/2021	14.0	16.0	5.8	23.2	1.2
05/2021	22.6	24.9	12.0	32.0	7.8
06/2021	27.0	28.4	15.7	37.0	9.1
07/2021	30.8	31.7	19.9	37.0	17.0
08/2021	30.6	32.1	19.8	37.7	17.1
09/2021	23.5	25.5	15.0	33.4	8.1
10/2021	14.4	15.9	8.7	20.8	4.8
11/2021	12.7	14.2	7.0	21.2	2.7
12/2021	8.0	9.4	2.1	14.1	2.8
01/2022	6.3	8.3	0.0	16.2	-8.6
02/2022	8.8	10.7	1.5	15.6	-2.1
03/2022	7.9	9.5	1.2	20.7	-5.2
04/2022	15.9	18.0	7.5	23.7	2.9
05/2022	22.7	24.6	12.0	33.9	7.1
06/2022	27.4	28.8	17.0	33.3	14.0
07/2022	29.3	30.7	18.5	33.6	13.7
08/2022	28.6	30.0	18.6	34.5	14.2
09/2022	23.5	24.8	14.2	29.0	7.3
10/2022	20.1	21.2	10.4	26.4	6.4
11/2022	14.9	16.5	8.1	24.3	2.0
12/2022	9.7	11.0	4.8	18.7	-1.5
01/2023	9.5	11.3	2.3	18.9	-2.7
02/2023	9.6	11.0	1.2	18.0	-4.0
03/2023	12.7	14.6	4.4	20.5	0.5
04/2023	14.2	16.2	6.4	22.2	0.7
05/2023	19.1	20.7	10.9	26.0	7.4
06/2023	24.8	26.2	15.2	30.6	11.2
07/2023	31.2	32.3	19.7	37.0	15.4
08/2023	30.5	31.7	19.4	34.9	15.0
09/2023	24.3	25.7	15.7	30.6	12.7
10/2023	21.0	22.5	12.0	28.8	7.1
11/2023	14.6	16.6	7.4	23.5	-3.3
12/2023	10.7	12.6	3.3	19.2	-2.7
01/2024	7.8	10.1	1.5	19.1	-5.1
02/2024	12.7	14.4	4.6	20.6	-3.2
03/2024	13.5	15.2	4.6	21.8	1.2
04/2024	20.2	21.6	9.0	26.2	2.5
05/2024	20.0	22.1	11.1	26.7	7.6
06/2024	30.6	31.9	17.4	35.3	12.3
07/2024	31.2	34.1	18.9	38.1	15.1
08/2024	31.5	32.8	19.0	36.2	11.9
09/2024	24.4	26.2	14.7	31.9	10.5
10/2024	19.9	21.4	10.3	25.8	5.9
Annual Air Temp
Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	N/A	N/A	N/A	37.1	N/A
2021	17.7	19.5	9.4	37.7	-8.3
2022	17.9	19.5	9.5	33.9	-8.6
2023	18.5	20.1	9.8	37.0	-4.0
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Seasonal Air Temp
Spring [01 Mar-31 May]
Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	N/A	N/A	N/A	33.8	N/A
2021	15.8	17.8	6.8	32.0	-1.5
2022	15.5	17.4	6.9	33.9	-5.2
2023	15.3	17.2	7.2	26.0	0.5
2024	17.9	19.6	8.2	26.7	1.2
Summer [01 Jun-31 Aug]
Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	24.7	29.8	16.9	37.1	8.6
2021	29.5	30.7	18.5	37.7	9.1
2022	28.4	29.8	18.0	33.6	14.0
2023	28.8	30.1	18.1	37.0	11.2
2024	31.1	33.0	18.4	38.1	11.9
Autumn [01 Sep-30 Nov]
Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	20.2	21.6	11.1	35.6	0.7
2021	16.9	18.5	10.2	33.4	2.7
2022	19.5	20.8	10.9	29.0	2.0
2023	20.0	21.6	11.7	30.6	-3.3
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Winter [01 Dec-28 Feb]
Year	Average Mean*	Average High	Average Low	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	9.4	11.3	3.1	19.5	-8.3
2021	7.7	9.5	1.2	16.2	-8.6
2022	9.6	11.1	2.8	18.9	-4.0
2023	10.4	12.4	3.1	20.6	-5.1
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A

Relative Humidity statistics [%]:

Measuring relative humidity is crucial for understanding the moisture content in the air, which has significant implications for weather patterns, climate studies, and local environmental conditions. Relative humidity influences evaporation rates, plant transpiration, and the comfort and health of living organisms, including humans. It plays a key role in determining dew point, cloud formation, and precipitation, making it an essential parameter for weather forecasting and climate modeling. By collecting and analyzing relative humidity data, we help to build a comprehensive picture of local and global atmospheric conditions, contributing to studies on climate variability, ecosystem health, and the impact of humidity on agriculture and natural habitats. This data is invaluable for informing environmental management practices and enhancing our understanding of how humidity interacts with other climatic factors.

Monthly RH
Month/Year	Average Mean*	Record High	Record Low
04/2020	51.6	99	24
05/2020	47.9	85	32
06/2020	48.4	87	30
07/2020	46.9	75	26
08/2020	53.4	93	27
09/2020	50.5	86	25
10/2020	55.8	91	33
11/2020	61.7	94	51
12/2020	80.9	99	49
01/2021	61.3	99	35
02/2021	65.0	99	31
03/2021	55.2	99	25
04/2021	57.5	94	20
05/2021	53.3	86	34
06/2021	53.1	69	31
07/2021	53.3	69	29
08/2021	55.3	75	32
09/2021	55.5	96	29
10/2021	75.5	99	49
11/2021	80.8	99	46
12/2021	66.0	96	39
01/2022	56.8	99	30
02/2022	61.3	99	34
03/2022	57.6	99	10
04/2022	55.7	88	24
05/2022	50.7	85	30
06/2022	53.2	99	31
07/2022	39.0	84	26
08/2022	46.1	80	15
09/2022	52.6	87	35
10/2022	51.7	97	31
11/2022	68.0	99	32
12/2022	79.9	99	43
01/2023	64.8	99	35
02/2023	45.8	99	31
03/2023	60.8	99	33
04/2023	60.2	99	35
05/2023	61.0	99	32
06/2023	58.3	99	31
07/2023	42.7	66	22
08/2023	38.7	74	19
09/2023	58.1	94	30
10/2023	64.2	99	34
11/2023	67.4	99	41
12/2023	67.5	99	40
01/2024	63.3	99	34
02/2024	58.8	99	20
03/2024	65.5	99	30
04/2024	48.6	99	30
05/2024	62.6	99	30
06/2024	41.4	80	27
07/2024	27.5	45	20
08/2024	39.2	79	18
09/2024	58.0	99	28
10/2024	58.9	99	27
Annual RH
Year	Average Mean*	Record High	Record Low
2020***	55.2	99	24
2021	61.0	99	20
2022	56.1	99	10
2023	57.5	99	19
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A
Seasonal RH
Spring [01 Mar-31 May]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Recoord Low
2020***	N/A	N/A	N/A
2021	55.3	99	20
2022	54.7	99	10
2023	60.7	99	32
2024	58.9	99	30
Summer [01 Jun-31 Aug]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	49.6	93	26
2021	53.9	75	29
2022	46.1	99	15
2023	46.6	99	19
2024	36.0	80	18
Autumn [01 Sep-30 Nov]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	56.0	94	25
2021	70.6	99	29
2022	57.4	99	31
2023	63.2	99	30
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A
Winter [01 Dec-28 Feb]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Record Low
2020***	69.1	99	31
2021	61.4	99	30
2022	63.5	99	31
2023	63.2	99	20
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A

Precipitation [Rain/Snow] statistics [mm]:

Recording precipitation is fundamental for understanding water cycles, weather patterns, and the availability of freshwater resources. Precipitation data provides critical information on rainfall, snow, sleet, and hail, all of which directly impact soil moisture, plant growth, and water supply for ecosystems and human use. By tracking precipitation, we can monitor drought conditions, flood risks, and long-term changes in regional and global climate patterns. These measurements also contribute to forecasting models and help in assessing the impact of climate change on local weather extremes.

Monthly Precipitation
Month/Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
04/2020	1.2	10	27
05/2020	1.0	11	34
06/2020	2.5	34	76
07/2020	1.8	42	58
08/2020	1.0	8	34
09/2020	1.4	25	44
10/2020	1.4	17	41
11/2020	0.7	5	21
12/2020	14.2	203	441
01/2021	4.3	57	134
02/2021	0.6	9	19
03/2021	4.9	45	151
04/2021	1.4	21	42
05/2021	0.5	9	17
06/2021	2.3	30	69
07/2021	0.2	5	7
08/2021	0.7	10	22
09/2021	4.0	59	122
10/2021	14.4	148	447
11/2021	3.5	31	105
12/2021	1.8	11	57
01/2022	10.2	239	317
02/2022	9.3	81	261
03/2022	3.9	55	55
04/2022	2.2	43	66
05/2022	1.3	23	41
06/2022	3.0	28	89
07/2022	2.9	63	89
08/2022	3.0	40	93
09/2022	2.4	63	71
10/2022	1.4	36	44
11/2022	5.6	54	168
12/2022	8.3	157	257
01/2023	14.3	169	444
02/2023	5.9	80	166
03/2023	6.4	80	197
04/2023	3.4	33	106
05/2023	7.4	65	229
06/2023	3.4	34	102
07/2023	0.2	5	5
08/2023	0.8	13	24
09/2023	8.3	105	250
10/2023	3.2	36	99
11/2023	2.2	12	67
12/2023	2.4	34	74
01/2024	2.4	28	74
02/2024	4.1	63	118
03/2024	3.3	40	101
04/2024	1.6	21	49
05/2024	3.0	50	92
06/2024	0	0	0
07/2024	0.3	9	10
08/2024	1.7	25	53
09/2024	2.6	41	78
10/2024	0.8	14	24
Annual Precipitation
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
2020***	2.9	203	776
2021	3.3	148	1192
2022	4.2	239	1551
2023	4.8	169	1763
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A
Seasonal Precipitation
Spring [01 Mar-31 May]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
2020***	N/A	N/A	N/A
2021	2.3	45	210
2022	2.5	55	162
2023	5.7	80	532
2024	2.6	80	242
Summer [01 Jun-31 Aug]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
2020***	1.8	42	168
2021	1.1	30	98
2022	3.0	63	271
2023	1.5	34	131
2024	0.7	25	63
Autumn [01 Sep-30 Nov]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
2020***	1.2	25	106
2021	7.3	148	674
2022	3.1	63	283
2023	4.6	105	416
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A
Winter [01 Dec-28 Feb]
Year	Average Mean*	Record High**	Totals
2020***	6.9	203	594
2021	7.1	239	635
2022	9.5	169	867
2023	3.0	63	266
2024	N/A	N/A	N/A

Tree heights [m]:

Measuring tree height is a critical aspect and plays a significant role in understanding and monitoring local environments. Tree height serves as an essential indicator of ecosystem health, carbon sequestration potential, and biodiversity. By systematically measuring tree height, students and citizen scientists contribute valuable data that enhances our understanding of local and global carbon cycles, climate change impacts, and habitat conditions. Moreover, this data supports the development of sustainable forest management practices and policies, aiding in the preservation of natural resources and the maintenance of ecological balance. Engaging in such measurements fosters environmental stewardship and helps communities make informed decisions for a sustainable future.

Clarifications:
[1]: * Measurements have been taken +/-1h of Local Solar Noon. The methodology is based upon the Globe Program®/** Record High/24h/*** Data aggregation started in April 2020.
[2]: Usually, daily Atmosphere measurements uploaded within two-hours after Local Solar Noun.
[3]: Monthly summaries of daily data uploaded during the first week of the next month.
[4]: For Aerosol Optical Thickness [AOT] and Surface Temperature data you can go to Data [Online] at Instrument Shelter specifications and select the appropriate fields. For Tree Heights data visit GLOBE Science Data Visualization tool and select Biometry-Tree Heights protocol layer [Biosphere], choose site by School [Greece GLOBE v-School] and include ‘CS Sites’ at your search.
[5]: For more sites/protocols, visit citizen science project and select the ‘Research Area’ of your interest.
[6]: Find and use our data with GLOBE’s Advanced Data Access Tool. Users can refine searches using various parameters and then choose specific sites that contain the relevant measurements. For laboratory’s instrument shelter data, select the appropriate Protocols, the Date-Range and the following Site-Name [Research Area: LIT-193799S3].

Sunshine duration [h:m/d]:

Measuring sunshine duration is crucial for understanding the amount of solar energy that reaches a specific location, which influences various environmental and climatic processes. Sunshine duration affects temperature, evaporation rates, and plant photosynthesis, making it a key factor in agricultural productivity and ecosystem dynamics. By recording how long the sun shines each day, we can track seasonal variations, identify trends in sunlight exposure, and assess potential impacts on local weather patterns and climate change. Data on sunshine duration also contribute to studies on solar energy potential, helping to inform decisions on sustainable energy solutions.

	Month
Observed Data	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun
Equation of Time [min]	-9.39	-14.13	-8.91	0.05	3.64	-0.49
Solar Declination	-21.08°	-12.61°	-2.06°	9.84°	18.91°	23.32°
Az [Sunrise]	+117°	+105°	+92°	+76°	+64°	+57°
El [Sunrise]	0°	0°	0°	0°	0°	0°
Az [Sunset]	+227°	+240°	+250°	+267°	+280°	+289°
El [Sunset]	+13°	+13°	+18°	+18°	+17°	+13°
Apparent Sunrise [UTC]	05:50	05:23	04:42	03:52	03:15	03:00
Solar Noon [UTC]	10:39	10:44	10:38	10:30	10:26	10:30
Apparent Sunset [UTC]	14:00	14:42	14:52	15:27	16:30	16:36
Sunshine Hours* [H:M]	08:10	09:19	10:10	11:35	13:15	13:36
Solar Distance [AU]	0.984	0.988	0.994	1.003	1.011	1.016
Polar/Cartesian Charts	Data	Data	Data	Data	Data	Data

	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Equation of Time [min]	-6.00	-4.51	4.74	14.22	15.46	4.90
Solar Declination	21.49°	13.98°	2.95°	-8.58°	-18.53°	-23.27°
Az [Sunrise]	+60°	+70°	+85°	+100°	+113°	+120°
El [Sunrise]	0°	0°	0°	0°	0°	0°
Az [Sunset]	+286°	+276°	+256°	+241°	+228°	+225°
El [Sunset]	+13°	+13°	+20°	+17°	+15°	+11°
Apparent Sunrise [UTC]	03:14	03:41	04:11	04:41	05:15	05:45
Solar Noon [UTC]	10:36	10:34	10:25	10:15	10:14	10:25
Apparent Sunset [UTC]	16:37	16:09	14:53	14:24	13:34	13:42
Sunshine Hours* [H:M]	13:23	12:28	10:42	09:43	08:19	07:57
Solar Distance [AU]	1.016	1.013	1.006	0.997	0.989	0.984
Polar/Cartesian Charts	Data	Data	Data	Data	Data	Data

Clarifications:
[1]: * Data calculated at 15th of each month on 2021/2022 in consideration the influence of the eastern-facing side of mt.Olympus at the following coordinates: 40°05’48.4″N 22°29’52.1″E.
[2]: Time Zone Offset: 28.03-30.10 UTC+3/31.10-27.03 UTC+2 Europe/Athens
[3]: Equation of Time and Solar Declination calculated at Local Solar Noon [LSN].

Solar Noon [UTC]:

	Month
Day	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun
01	10:33	10:43	10:42	10:34	10:27	10:27
02	10:33	10:43	10:42	10:33	10:27	10:27
03	10:34	10:43	10:42	10:33	10:26	10:28
04	10:34	10:43	10:41	10:33	10:26	10:28
05	10:35	10:43	10:41	10:32	10:26	10:28
06	10:35	10:44	10:41	10:32	10:26	10:28
07	10:36	10:44	10:41	10:32	10:26	10:28
08	10:36	10:44	10:40	10:32	10:26	10:28
09	10:36	10:44	10:40	10:31	10:26	10:29
10	10:37	10:44	10:40	10:31	10:26	10:29
11	10:37	10:44	10:40	10:31	10:26	10:29
12	10:38	10:44	10:39	10:30	10:26	10:29
13	10:38	10:44	10:39	10:30	10:26	10:29
14	10:38	10:44	10:39	10:30	10:26	10:30
15	10:39	10:44	10:39	10:30	10:26	10:30
16	10:39	10:44	10:38	10:29	10:26	10:30
17	10:39	10:44	10:38	10:29	10:26	10:30
18	10:40	10:43	10:38	10:29	10:26	10:31
19	10:40	10:43	10:37	10:29	10:26	10:31
20	10:40	10:43	10:37*	10:29	10:26	10:31
21	10:41	10:43	10:37	10:28	10:26	10:31**
22	10:41	10:43	10:37	10:28	10:26	10:31
23	10:41	10:43	10:36	10:28	10:26	10:32
24	10:41	10:43	10:36	10:28	10:26	10:32
25	10:42	10:43	10:36	10:28	10:26	10:32
26	10:42	10:42	10:35	10:27	10:27	10:32
27	10:42	10:42	10:35	10:27	10:27	10:32
28	10:42	10:42	10:35	10:27	10:27	10:33
29	10:43	–	10:34	10:27	10:27	10:33
30	10:43	–	10:34	10:27	10:27	10:33
31	10:43	–	10:34	–	10:27	–

Day	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
01	10:33	10:36	10:30	10:19	10:13	10:18
02	10:33	10:36	10:29	10:19	10:13	10:19
03	10:34	10:36	10:29	10:19	10:13	10:19
04	10:34	10:36	10:29	10:18	10:13	10:19
05	10:34	10:36	10:28	10:18	10:13	10:20
06	10:34	10:35	10:28	10:18	10:13	10:20
07	10:34	10:35	10:28	10:18	10:13	10:21
08	10:35	10:35	10:27	10:17	10:13	10:21
09	10:35	10:35	10:27	10:17	10:13	10:22
10	10:35	10:35	10:27	10:17	10:13	10:22
11	10:35	10:35	10:26	10:16	10:13	10:23
12	10:35	10:35	10:26	10:16	10:14	10:23
13	10:35	10:34	10:26	10:16	10:14	10:23
14	10:35	10:34	10:25	10:16	10:14	10:24
15	10:35	10:34	10:25	10:15	10:14	10:24
16	10:36	10:34	10:25	10:15	10:14	10:24
17	10:36	10:34	10:24	10:15	10:14	10:25
18	10:36	10:34	10:24	10:15	10:15	10:26
19	10:36	10:33	10:24	10:15	10:15	10:26
20	10:36	10:33	10:23	10:14	10:15	10:27
21	10:36	10:33	10:23	10:14	10:15	10:27**
22	10:36	10:33	10:22	10:14	10:15	10:28
23	10:36	10:32	10:22*	10:14	10:16	10:28
24	10:36	10:32	10:22	10:14	10:16	10:29
25	10:36	10:32	10:21	10:14	10:16	10:29
26	10:36	10:32	10:21	10:14	10:17	10:30
27	10:36	10:31	10:21	10:13	10:17	10:30
28	10:36	10:31	10:20	10:13	10:17	10:31
29	10:36	10:31	10:20	10:13	10:18	10:31
30	10:36	10:30	10:20	10:13	10:18	10:32
31	10:36	10:30	–	10:13	–	10:32

Clarifications:
[1]: Year specified: 2022.
[2]: All times are in UTC. Time Zone Offset: 28.03-30.10 UTC+3/31.10-27.03 UTC+2 Europe/Athens
[3]: * Solar Spring/Autumnal Equinox/** Summer/Winter Soltice.

References:
[1]: Root microbiome along an altitude gradient of the lithophytic Ramonda heldreichii, an endemo-relict species of Mount Olympus [Preprint research paper]
[https://ssrn.com/abstract=4924858]